There is much nostalgia and reverence for "golden age" periods like Al-Andalus, especially in art and literature, which are always invoked during conflicts like the Arab-Israeli wars. The "Golden Age" of Al-Andalus (Andalusia) is often associated with the 10th and 11th centuries, particularly during the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba, which represents one of the most culturally and intellectually vibrant eras in European and Islamic history. Students and scholars of Arab and Islamic history often focus on the peaceful coexistence between Muslims, Christians, and Jews. They also reference the growth of art and literature. At the same time, historians warn against romanticizing the past because contemporary problems cannot be solved by looking backward.

 

Were I to sum up Amin Zaoui’s position on the Arab leftist intellectuals, who nowadays are considered part of the mumanah alliance — that is, Arab intellectuals who support the positions of Iran, Hezbollah, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen — a word of caution about the terminology used must be clarified: a distinction exists between today’s leftists and those of the 1960s, 1970s, and even part of the 1980s. Today’s leftists tend to be vulgar and lack the theoretical sophistication of their previous iterations. These critiques by Amin Zaoui, an Algerian novelist and essayist whose commentaries appear weekly in Independent Arabia, analyze the two mumanah generations, particularly emphasizing the contemporary generation of leftists who grew up in the new millennium and its current trends.